Mesothelial cells are a single layer of specialised pavement-like cells that line the body’s internal cavities and most organs. The primary function of this cell layer, termed the mesothelium, is to provide a slippery, non-adhesive and protective surface. However, mesothelial cells play other pivotal roles involving transport of fluid and cells across the surface of the body wall and organs, presentation of foreign molecules (such as bacteria and virus proteins) to immune cells, inflammation and tissue repair, formation and breakdown of fibrin clots (similar to blood clots) and tumour cell adhesion.Injury to the mesothelium triggers events leading to the migration of mesothelial cells from the edge of a wound towards its centre and release of mesothelial cells into the pleural fluid from which they can then attach and incorporate into the healing mesothelium. If healing is impaired, fibrous adhesions form between organs and the body wall that can impede vital movement of organs within these body cavities.

Malignant change in mesothelial cells gives rise to malignant mesothelioma, an aggressive tumour mainly of the pleural but also the peritoneal spaces. Although closely associated with exposure to asbestos, recent studies have implicated other factors including virus (Simian virus 40 [SV40]) in its pathogenesis.

Steven Mutsaers, PhD
Perth, Australia

For further information on mesothelial cells see :

Mutsaers S. E. Respirology 2002, 7: 171-191